Virginia Code §§ 19.2-265.1 and 19.2-265.2 govern witness exclusion during criminal trials and judicial notice of laws. Witness exclusion allows certain witnesses to be kept out of the courtroom unless exceptions apply, while judicial notice enables courts to recognize laws from various jurisdictions without formal proof.
The court may exclude witnesses called to testify, including police officers or investigators, unless they are exempt by law, such as victims or certain defendants.
Yes, victims as defined in § 19.2-11.01 are exempt from exclusion unless their exclusion is specifically required under § 19.2-265.01.
Judicial notice is when a court recognizes laws or facts without formal evidence, used when determining laws from Virginia or other jurisdictions during a case.
Yes, courts can take judicial notice of laws from other states, the U.S., or other countries, and may consult official documents to verify them.