Virginia law defines computer data manipulation as equivalent to forgery when done with the intent to deceive, and criminalizes the use of encryption to facilitate illegal activities. The law also clarifies that encryption used in criminal acts is punishable separately. Section 18.2-152.16 has been repealed.
Creating, altering, or deleting computer data in a way that would be considered forgery if done on paper is illegal, even if no tangible document is involved.
Yes, willfully using encryption to further any criminal activity is a separate offense punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Yes, Section 18.2-152.16 regarding certain computer crimes has been repealed.
Using encryption for criminal purposes is punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor, separate from the underlying crime.