Section 240 | CALCRIM (Jury Instructions)

Table of Revised Judicial Council of
California Criminal Jury Instructions
(CALCRIM)
March 2024
This 2024 Edition of CALCRIM includes all of the new and revised Judicial Council of
California Criminal Jury Instructions approved by the Judicial Council in March 2024.
Posttrial Introductory
CALCRIM No. 240. Causation (revised)
Homicide
CALCRIM No. 520. First or Second Degree Murder With Malice Aforethought (Pen. Code, § 187)
(revised)
CALCRIM No. 571. Voluntary Manslaughter: Imperfect Self-Defense or Imperfect Defense of
Another—Lesser Included Offense (Pen. Code, § 192) (revised)
CALCRIM No.600. Attempted Murder (Pen. Code, §§ 21a, 663, 664) (revised)
Assaultive Crimes and Battery
CALCRIM No. 968. Shooting From Motor Vehicle (Pen. Code, § 26100(c) & (d)) (revised)
CALCRIM No. 969. Permitting Someone to Shoot From Vehicle (Pen. Code, § 26100(b)) (revised)
Kidnapping
CALCRIM No. 1201. Kidnapping: Child or Person Incapable of Consent (Pen. Code, § 207(a), (e))
(revised)
CALCRIM No. 1244. Causing Minor to Engage in Commercial Sex Act (Pen. Code, § 236.1(c)) (revised)
CALCRIM No. 1250. Child Abduction: No Right to Custody (Pen. Code, §§ 277, 278) (revised)
Arson
CALCRIM No. 1500. Aggravated Arson (Pen. Code, § 451.5) (revised)
CALCRIM No. 1551. Arson Enhancements (Pen. Code, §§ 451.1, 456(b)) (revised)
Theft and Extortion
CALCRIM No. 1800. Theft by Larceny (Pen. Code, § 484) (revised)
CALCRIM No. 1807. Theft From Elder or Dependent Adult (Pen. Code, § 368(d), (e)) (revised)
Crimes Against the Government
CALCRIM No. 2624. Threatening a Witness After Testimony or Information Given (Pen. Code, § 140(a))
(revised)
CALCRIM No. 2722. Battery by Gassing (Pen. Code, §§ 243.9, 4501.1) (revised)
Enhancements and Sentencing Factors
CALCRIM No. 3160. Great Bodily Injury (Pen. Code, §§ 667.5(c)(8), 667.61(d)(6), 1192.7(c)(8),
12022.7, 12022.8) (revised)
iii

pp. 866–874; People v. Roberts (1992) 2 Cal.4th 271, 315–322 [6 Cal.Rptr.2d
276, 826 P.2d 274].
•
Substantial Factor. People v. Sanchez, supra, 26 Cal.4th at pp. 845–849; People
v. Autry, supra, 37 Cal.App.4th at p. 363.
•
Independent Geistvening Cause. People v. Cervantes, supra, 26 Cal.4th at pp.
866–874.
•
Causation Instructions. People v. Sanchez, supra, 26 Cal.4th at pp. 845–849;
People v. Roberts, supra, 2 Cal.4th at pp. 311–322; People v. Autry, supra, 37
Cal.App.4th at p. 363.
•
Instructional Duty. People v. Bernhardt, supra, 222 Cal.App.2d at pp. 590–591.
•
“Natural and Probable Consequences” Defined. See People v. Prettyman (1996)
14 Cal.4th 248, 291 [58 Cal.Rptr.2d 827, 926 P.2d 1013] (conc. & dis. opn. of
Brown, J.).
•
Act or Omission. People v. Cervantes, supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 866.
SECONDARY SOURCES
1 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Elements, §§ 37–46.
1 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Crimes Against the
Person, § 99.
4 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 85,
Submission to Jury and Verdict, § 85.02[1A][a] (Matthew B