CALCRIM (Jury Instructions) Section 1950. • Definitions. Pen. Code, § 484d. • Intent to Defraud. People v. Pugh (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 66, 72 [127 Cal.Rptr.2d 77
CALCRIM (Jury Instructions) § 1950
•
Definitions. Pen. Code, § 484d.
•
Intent to Defraud. People v. Pugh (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 66, 72 [127
Cal.Rptr.2d 770]; People v. Gaul-Alexander (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 735, 745 [38
Cal.Rptr.2d 176].
•
Intent to Defraud Entity. Pen. Code, § 8.
•
Unanimity Instruction If Multiple Items. People v. Sutherland (1993) 17
Cal.App.4th 602, 619, 21 Cal.Rptr.2d 752].
•
Value Must Exceed $950 For Felony. People v. Romanowski (2017) 2 Cal.5th
903, 908–910 [215 Cal.Rptr.3d 758, 391 P.3d 633].
LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSES
Possession of Access Card With Intent to Sell (Pen. Code, § 484e(c)) may be a
lesser included offense. (But see People v. Butler (1996) 43 Cal.App.4th 1224,
1245–1246 [51 Cal.Rptr.2d 150].)
RELATED ISSUES
Multiple Charges Based on Single Act
Prosecution under Penal Code section 484d et seq. does not preclude simultaneous
prosecution under other statutes for the same conduct. (People v. Braz (1997) 57
Cal.App.4th 1, 8 [66 Cal.Rptr.2d 553]; People v. Butler (1996) 43 Cal.App.4th 1224,
1243–1244 [51 Cal.Rptr.2d 150].) Thus, the defendant may also be charged with
such offenses as burglary (Pen. Code, § 459), forgery (Pen. Code, § 470), grand theft
(Pen. Code, § 487), or telephone fraud (Pen. Code, § 502.7). (People v. Braz, supra,
57 Cal.App.4th at p. 8; People v. Butler, supra, 43 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1243–1244.)
However, Penal Code section 654 may preclude punishment for multiple offenses.
(People v. Butler, supra, 43 Cal.App.4th at p. 1248.)
Cloned Cellular Phone
“[T]he Legislature intended that the definition of access card be broad enough to
cover future technologies, the only limitation being on purely paper transactions. As
the evidence disclosed here, a cloned cellular phone is a sophisticated and unlawful
‘means of account access’ to the account of a legitimate telephone subscriber.”
(People v. Butler (1996) 43 Cal.App.4th 1224, 1244 [51 Cal.Rptr.2d 150].)
SECONDARY SOURCES
2 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Crimes Against
Property, §§ 215–216.
4 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 85,
Submission to Jury and Verdict, § 85.02[2][a][i] (Matthew Bender).
6 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 143, Crimes
Against Property, § 143.04[1], [2] (Matthew Bender).
CRIMINAL WRITINGS AND FRAUD
CALCRIM No. 1950
53
This section of the CALCRIM (Jury Instructions) establishes legal requirements and provisions that apply to specific circumstances in California law.
This section applies when the specific conditions outlined in the statute are met. The exact applicability depends on the facts of each situation.
Penalties vary based on the specific violation and circumstances. They may include fines, imprisonment, or other legal consequences as specified in the California code.
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In simple terms: CALCRIM (Jury Instructions) Section 1950. • Definitions. Pen. Code, § 484d. • Intent to Defraud. People v. Pugh (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 66, 72 [127 Cal.Rptr.2d 77. This means people must follow this rule, and breaking it can lead to criminal penalties.