Section 1353 | CALCRIM (Jury Instructions)

CALCRIM No. 1353, Hate Crime: Disability Defined.
Do not give CALCRIM No. 370, Motive, with this instruction because motive is an
element of this crime. (See People v. Valenti (2016) 243 Cal.App.4th 1140, 1165
[197 Cal.Rptr.3d 317]; People v. Maurer (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 1121, 1126–1127
[38 Cal.Rptr.2d 335].)
AUTHORITY
•
Elements. Pen. Code, § 422.6(a).
•
Willfully Defined. Pen. Code, § 7(1); People v. Lara (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th 102,
107 [51 Cal.Rptr.2d 402].
•
Hate Crime Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.55.
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“In Whole or in Part Because of” Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(d); In re M.S.
(1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 719–720 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365]; People v.
Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735, 741 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 377, 896
P.2d 1387].
•
Disability Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(b); Gov. Code, § 12926(i)–(l).
•
Gender Defined. Pen. Code, §§ 422.56(c), 422.57.
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Nationality Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(e).
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Race or Ethnicity Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(f).
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Religion Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(g).
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Sexual Orientation Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(h).
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Association With Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(a).
•
Specific Intent to Deprive Individual of Protected Right Required. In re M.S.
(1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 713 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365]; People v.
Lashley (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 938, 947–949 [2 Cal.Rptr.2d 629].
•
Not Limited to “Significant Constitutional Rights.” People v. MacKenzie (1995)
34 Cal.App.4th 1256, 1277–1278 [40 Cal.Rptr.2d 793].
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Statute Constitutional. In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 715–717, 724 [42
Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365].
RELATED ISSUES
Defendant Need Not Know He or She Is Violating the Law
“ ‘[S]pecific intent’ under the statute does not require an actual awareness on the
part of the defendant that he is violating another’s constitutional rights. It is enough
that he engages in activity that interferes with rights clearly and specifically
protected by the laws of the United States.” (People v. Lashley (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th
938, 948 [2 Cal.Rptr.2d 629].) “It is sufficient if the right is clearly defined and that
the defendant intended to invade interests protected by constitutional or statutory
authority.” (Id. at p. 949.)
Penal Code Section 654
In In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 727 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365], the
court rejected the argument that Penal Code section 654 does not apply to
CRIMINAL THREATS AND HATE CRIMES
CALCRIM No. 1350
1037

CALCRIM No. 1353, Hate Crime: Disability Defined.
Do not give CALCRIM No. 370, Motive, with this instruction because motive is an
element of this crime. (See People v. Valenti (2016) 243 Cal.App.4th 1140, 1165
[197 Cal.Rptr.3d 317]; People v. Maurer (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 1121, 1126–1127
[38 Cal.Rptr.2d 335].)
AUTHORITY
•
Elements. Pen. Code, § 422.6(a) & (c).
•
Willfully Defined. Pen. Code, § 7(1); People v. Lara (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th 102,
107 [51 Cal.Rptr.2d 402].
•
Hate Crime Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.55.
•
“In Whole or in Part Because of” Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(d); In r