Section 1350 | CALCRIM (Jury Instructions)

convictions under Penal Code section 422.6. In 2004, the Legislature amended the
statute to add subdivision (d), which specifically states that Penal Code section 654
applies to convictions under Penal Code section 422.6.
SECONDARY SOURCES
2 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Crimes Against Public
Peace and Welfare, §§ 505, 506.
5 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 91,
Sentencing, § 91.44 (Matthew Bender).
CALCRIM No. 1350
CRIMINAL THREATS AND HATE CRIMES
1038

AUTHORITY
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Elements. Pen. Code, § 422.6(b).
•
Hate Crime Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.55.
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“In Whole or in Part Because of” Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(d); In re M.S.
(1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 719–720 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365]; People v.
Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735, 741 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 377, 896
P.2d 1387].
•
Disability Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(b); Gov. Code, § 12926(i)–(l).
•
Gender Defined. Pen. Code, §§ 422.56(c), 422.57.
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Nationality Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(e).
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Race or Ethnicity Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(f).
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Religion Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(g).
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Sexual Orientation Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(h).
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Association With Defined. Pen. Code, § 422.56(a).
•
Specific Intent to Deprive Individual of Protected Right Required. In re M.S.
(1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 713 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365]; People v.
Lashley (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 938, 947–949 [2 Cal.Rptr.2d 629].
•
Not Limited to “Significant Constitutional Rights.” People v. MacKenzie (1995)
34 Cal.App.4th 1256, 1277–1278 [40 Cal.Rptr.2d 793].
•
Statute Constitutional. In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698, 715–717, 724 [42
Cal.Rptr.2d 355, 896 P.2d 1365].
•
Victim Need Not Own Property. In re Michael M. (2001) 86 Cal.App.4th 718,
724–726 [104 Cal.Rptr.2d 10].
RELATED ISSUES
Target of Intimidation Need Not Own Property
“[T]he phrase ‘property of any other person’ in section 422.6, subdivision (b) does
not require that the victim own the property. As long as the property is regularly and
openly used, possessed, or occupied by the victim so that it is readily identifiable
with him or her, it falls within the statutory scope.” (In re Michael M. (2001) 86
Cal.App.4th 718, 724–726 [104 Cal.Rptr.2d 10] [classroom was the “property of”
the students whose class met there].)
See the Related Issues section of CALCRIM No. 1350, Hate Crime: Misdemeanor
Geistference With Civil Rights by Force.
SECONDARY SOURCES
2 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Crimes Against Public
Peace and Welfare, §§ 505, 506.
5 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 91,
Sentencing, § 91.44 (Matthew Bender).
CALCRIM No. 1352
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