Prohibición de enjuiciamiento por un caso anterior

Explicación Simple

Si alguien ya fue juzgado por un delito y fue declarado inocente, no puede ser juzgado de nuevo por lo mismo. Esto también aplica si el primer juicio terminó de manera que demuestra que no había suficiente evidencia para condenarlo.

Es como si un jugador de fútbol fallara un penalti y el árbitro dijera que no fue falta. No puede volver a ser penalti por la misma jugada.

Ejemplo Práctico

Imagina que Juan fue acusado de robo y, tras un juicio, el jurado lo declaró inocente. Después, la policía intenta acusarlo de nuevo por el mismo robo, pero esto no es posible porque ya fue juzgado y declarado no culpable.

Texto Original del Estatuto (Inglés)

18 Pa.C.S. 109 - When Prosecution Barred By Former Prosecution For The Same Offense When a prosecution is for a violation of the same provision of the statutes and is based upon the same facts as a former prosecution, it is barred by such former prosecution under the following circumstances: (1) The former prosecution resulted in an acquittal. There is an acquittal if the prosecution resulted in a finding of not guilty by the trier of fact or in a determination that there was insufficient evidence to warrant a conviction. A finding of guilty of a lesser included offense is an acquittal of the greater inclusive offense, although the conviction is subsequently set aside. (2) The former prosecution was terminated, after the indictment had been found, by a final order or judgment for the defendant, which has not been set aside, reversed, or vacated and which necessarily required a determination inconsistent with a fact or a legal proposition that must be established for conviction of the offense. (3) The former prosecution resulted in a conviction. There is a conviction if the prosecution resulted in a judgment of conviction which has not been reversed or vacated, a verdict of guilty which has not been set aside and which is capable of supporting a judgment, or a plea of guilty accepted by the court. In the latter two cases failure to enter judgment must be for a reason other than a motion of the defendant. (4) The former prosecution was improperly terminated after the first witness was sworn but before a verdict, or after a plea of guilty was accepted by the court. Cross References.Section 109 is referred to in sections 110, 111, 112 of this title. 18 Pa.C.S. 2002 - Amendment Cross References.Section 110 is referred to in section 112 of this title.