Coacción y su impacto en la responsabilidad penal

Explicación Simple

Si alguien te obliga a hacer algo malo con amenazas o fuerza, no te consideran culpable. Pero si tú mismo te metes en una situación peligrosa, no puedes usar eso como excusa.

Es como cuando estás en un juego de fútbol y un rival te amenaza para que no pases el balón. Si realmente tienes miedo, no es tu culpa si no juegas bien. Pero si decides jugar en un campo peligroso, no puedes quejarte si te lastiman.

Ejemplo Práctico

Imagina que Juan está en un callejón y un extraño lo amenaza con un cuchillo para que robe una tienda. Juan, aterrorizado, lo hace. En este caso, la coacción podría ser una defensa válida. Sin embargo, si Juan decidió ir a ese callejón sabiendo que es peligroso, podría no tener esa defensa.

Penalidades

Null

Texto Original del Estatuto (Inglés)

ORS 161.270 Duress ORS 161.270 Duress Text Annotations   4 (1) The commission of acts which would otherwise constitute an offense, other than murder, is not criminal if the actor engaged in the proscribed conduct because the actor was coerced to do so by the use or threatened use of unlawful physical force upon the actor or a third person, which force or threatened force was of such nature or degree to overcome earnest resistance. (2) Duress is not a defense for one who intentionally or recklessly places oneself in a situation in which it is probable that one will be subjected to duress. (3) It is not a defense that a spouse acted on the command of the other spouse, unless the spouse acted under such coercion as would establish a defense under subsection (1) of this section. [1971 c.743 §34; 1987 c.158 §22] Source: Section 161.270 — Duress , https://www.­oregonlegislature.­gov/bills_laws/ors/ors161.­html (accessed May 26, 2025). Notes of Decisions “Duress” requires that danger must be “present, imminent, and impending.” State v. Fitzgerald, 14 Or App 361, 513 P2d 817 (1973); State v. Boldt, 116 Or App 480, 841 P2d 1196 (1992) Under evidence that defendant, convicted of armed robbery, had several opportunities to escape, he could not object to jury instruction stating that duress is not available as defense if person intentionally or recklessly placed himself in dure