Reglas de evidencia en exámenes preliminares en Míchigan

Explicación Simple

En Míchigan, cuando alguien es acusado de un crimen, hay una reunión inicial llamada examen preliminar. En esta reunión, se pueden usar ciertos informes y pruebas sin necesidad de que los autores de esos documentos estén presentes.

Es como cuando en una competencia de deportes, puedes mostrar el resultado de un partido sin que el árbitro que lo registró esté presente. Solo necesitas las pruebas que demuestren lo que ocurrió.

Ejemplo Práctico

Imagina que Pedro es acusado de vender drogas. Durante el examen preliminar, se presenta un informe de laboratorio que muestra que la sustancia encontrada en su casa es una droga controlada. Este informe se usa como prueba sin que el técnico del laboratorio tenga que declarar en persona.

Texto Original del Estatuto (Inglés)

MCL 766.11b - Rules of evidence; exception; hearsay testimony; "controlled substance" defined Sec. 11b. (1) The rules of evidence apply at the preliminary examination except that the following are not excluded by the rule against hearsay and shall be admissible at the preliminary examination without requiring the testimony of the author of the report, keeper of the records, or any additional foundation or authentication: (a) A report of the results of properly performed drug analysis field testing to establish that the substance tested is a controlled substance. (b) A certified copy of any written or electronic order, judgment, decree, docket entry, register of actions, or other record of any court or governmental agency of this state. (c) A report other than a law enforcement report that is made or kept in the ordinary course of business. (d) Except for the police investigative report, a report prepared by a law enforcement officer or other public agency. Reports permitted under this subdivision include, but are not limited to, a report of the findings of a technician of the division of the department of state police concerned with forensic science, a laboratory report, a medical report, a report of an arson investigator, and an autopsy report. (2) The magistrate shall allow the prosecuting attorney or the defense to subpoena and call a witness from whom hearsay testimony was introduced under this section on a satisfactory showing to the magistrate that live testimony will be relevant to the magistrate's decision whether there is probable cause to believe that a felony has been committed and probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the felony. (3) As used in this section, "controlled substance" means that term as defined under section 7104 of the public