Relación causal entre conducta y resultado en el Código Penal de Arizona

Explicación Simple

Esta ley dice que si haces algo que causa un resultado, debes ser responsable si ese resultado no hubiera pasado sin tu acción. También explica que a veces puedes ser responsable incluso si el resultado no era lo que esperabas.

Es como cuando lanzas una piedra al agua. Aunque no quieras, si la piedra cae en un lugar donde hay alguien nadando, la ola que se forma puede mojarlo. Tu acción tiene consecuencias, aunque no hayas querido hacerle daño.

Ejemplo Práctico

Imagina que Juan decide disparar al aire en una fiesta. La bala no le pega a nadie, pero cae y hiere a una persona que pasaba por ahí. Según esta ley, Juan puede ser responsable porque su acción de disparar causó un resultado dañado, aunque no haya tenido la intención de lastimar a alguien.

Texto Original del Estatuto (Inglés)

13-203 . Causal relationship between conduct and result; relationship to mental culpability A. Conduct is the cause of a result when both of the following exist: 1. But for the conduct the result in question would not have occurred. 2. The relationship between the conduct and result satisfies any additional causal requirements imposed by the statute defining the offense. B. If intentionally causing a particular result is an element of an offense, and the actual result is not within the intention or contemplation of the person, that element is established if: 1. The actual result differs from that intended or contemplated only in the respect that a different person or different property is injured or affected or that the injury or harm intended or contemplated would have been more serious or extensive than that caused; or 2. The actual result involves similar injury or harm as that intended or contemplated and occurs in a manner which the person knows or should know is rendered substantially more probable by such person's conduct. C. If recklessly or negligently causing a particular result is an element of an offense, and the actual result is not within the risk of which the person is aware or in the case of criminal negligence, of which the person should be aware, that element is established if: 1. The actual result differs from the probable result only in the respect that a different person or different property is injured or affected or that the injury or harm intended or contemplated would have been more serious or extensive than that caused; or 2. The actual result involves similar injury or harm as the probable result and occurs in a manner which the person knows or should know is rendered substantially more probable by such person's conduct.