Valeriya Nedeva-Alaniz v. Merrick Garland

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JAN 2 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 19-71897 VALERIYA GEORGIEVA NEDEVA- ALANIZ, Agency No. A089-347-529 Petitioner, MEMORANDUM* v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted December 4, 2024** San Francisco, California Before: COLLINS, VANDYKE and MENDOZA, Circuit Judges. Valeriya Georgieva Nedeva-Alaniz, a citizen of Bulgaria, petitions for review of a decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA” or the “Board”) denying her motion to reopen. Petitioner requests that the Court remand the case * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). to the BIA to clarify its decision not to exercise sua sponte authority to reopen Petitioner’s removal proceedings. We dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction. For a person to obtain sua sponte relief under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a), “the Board must be persuaded that the respondent’s situation is truly exceptional.” Bonilla v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 575, 585 (9th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). We may review BIA “decisions denying sua sponte reopening for the limited purpose of reviewing the reasoning behind the decisions for legal or constitutional error.” Id. at 588. “If, upon exercise of its jurisdiction, this court concludes that the Board relied on an incorrect legal premise, it should remand to the BIA so it may exercise its authority against the correct legal background.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 1. As an initial matter, Respondent argues that Petitioner has waived her argument that Pereira v. Sessions, 585 U.S. 198 (2018), resulted in a fundamental change of law. Petitioner acknowledges that certain arguments—namely, her arguments related to deficiencies in the notice to appear (“NTA”) and its impact on the in absentia removal order—are now foreclosed. Despite this acknowledgment, Petitioner separately argues that she is eligible to seek cancellation of removal because, under Pereira, the NTA did not trigger the stop-time rule. Petitioner has not waived that argument. 2  2. Petitioner contends that the case should be remanded because it is unclear whether the BIA exercised its discretion in denying the motion to reopen the proceedings or whether it concluded that Petitioner failed to establish prima facie eligibility for cancellation of removal. If the BIA’s decision was an exercise of discretion, the Court lacks jurisdiction to review. Bonilla, 840 F.3d at 585–86. While the BIA’s decision regarding its sua sponte authority is sparse, the BIA concluded that it did not find “sua sponte reconsideration is warranted based on a fundamental change of law in these circumstances.” A finding of a “fundamental change in the law” is “an expression of discretion,” not a “legal premise.” Lona v. Barr, 958 F.3d 1225, 1235 (9th Cir. 2020) (quoting Barajas-Salinas v. Holder, 760 F.3d 905, 908 (8th Cir. 2014)). Moreover, even if there was a fundamental change in the law, “it does not follow that the BIA committed legal or constitutional error in denying [Petitioner] relief.” Id. at 1234. “[T]he Board is not required . . . to reopen proceedings sua sponte in exceptional situations.” Id. at 1234–35 (quoting Bonilla, 840 F.3d at 585). Because the BIA decided, in its discretion, not to exercise sua sponte authority to reopen Petitioner’s removal proceedings, we do not have jurisdiction to review the BIA’s decision. The petition for review is DISMISSED. 3