Miller v. Gearin

GILBERT, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts as above). [1] The question here is whether the building which was placed upon the property of the defendant in error in the year 1907 under the lease was income received in the year 1916 by reason of the fact that in that year the lease was forfeited and the defendant in error resumed possession. Section 2 (a) of the Income Tax Law of 1916 (Act Sept. 8, 1916, c. 463, 39 Stat. 757 [Comp. St. § 6336b]) provides that— “The net income of a taxable person shall include gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages, or compensation for personal service of whatever hind and in whatever form paid) or from professions, vocations, businesses, trade, commerce, or sales, or dealings in property, whether real or personal, growing out of the ownership or use of or interest in real or personal property, also from interest, rent, dividends, securities, or the transaction of any business carried on for gain or profit, or gains or profits and income derived from any source whatever.” The lessor acquired nothing in 1916 save the possession of that which for many years had been her own. The possession so acquired was not income. It was not a gain, but was a loss. Assuming that the building was income derived from the use of the property, we think it clear that the time when it was “derived” was the time when the completed building was added to the real estate and enhanced its value. At that time it represented a prepayment to the lessor of a portion of the rental, distributable over a period of 23 years. The lease provided that the ownership of all buildings or improvements put upon the premises was to vest in the lessor immediately upon the construction of the same, subject to the. provisions of the lease. The decision in Edwards v. Keith, 231 Fed. 111 , 145 C. C. A. 298 , L. R. A. 1918A, 498, is not contrary to this view. In that case the court held that the commissions of an insurance broker, earned before the Income Tax Law was passed, but received thereafter, constituted income taxable in the year in which they were actually received. The sole question in that case, as in this, was: When was the income received or derived ? [2, 3] We do not consider the question here involved a doubtful one; but, if there is doubt, it should be resolved in favor of the taxpayer. In Gould v. Gould, 245 U. S. 151 , 38 Sup. Ct. 53, 62 L. Ed. 211 , it was said: “In the interpretation of statutes levying taxes,' it is the established rule not to extend their provisions, by implication, beyond the clear import of the language used, or to enlarge their operations so as to embrace matters not specifically pointed out. In case of doubt they are construed most strongly against the government, and in favor of the citizen.” See, also, Haiku Sugar Co. v. Johnstone, 249 Fed. 103, 109 , 161 C. C. A. 155 . The judgment is affirmed.