Home/Case Law/Fourth Circuit/United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia L. Douglas Wilder, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, III Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, Members of the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association, and Gordon K. Davies, Director of the Virginia State Council of Higher Education the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers, Virginia Women Attorneys Association Virginia Chapter of the American Association of University Women Virginia Chapter of the Older Women's League Virginia Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated Friends of Vmi for Equality Alexander W. Astin American Civil Liberties Union Aclu Foundation of Virginia National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women Center for Women Policy Studies National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund Virginia National Organization for Women Virginia Now Legal Defense and Education Fund, Incorporated Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund, Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae
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No. 726610
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia L. Douglas Wilder, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, III Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, Members of the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association, and Gordon K. Davies, Director of the Virginia State Council of Higher Education the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers, Virginia Women Attorneys Association Virginia Chapter of the American Association of University Women Virginia Chapter of the Older Women's League Virginia Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated Friends of Vmi for Equality Alexander W. Astin American Civil Liberties Union Aclu Foundation of Virginia National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women Center for Women Policy Studies National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund Virginia National Organization for Women Virginia Now Legal Defense and Education Fund, Incorporated Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund, Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae
No. 726610 · Decided September 19, 1996
No. 726610·Fourth Circuit · 1996·
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Case Details
Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Decided
September 19, 1996
Citation
No. 726610
Disposition
See opinion text.
Full Opinion
Plain English Summary
Plain-English summary coming soon. Read the opinion text below for the current holding.
Key Points
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Frequently Asked Questions
United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia L. Douglas Wilder, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, III Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, Members of the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association, and Gordon K. Davies, Director of the Virginia State Council of Higher Education the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers, Virginia Women Attorneys Association Virginia Chapter of the American Association of University Women Virginia Chapter of the Older Women's League Virginia Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated Friends of Vmi for Equality Alexander W. Astin American Civil Liberties Union Aclu Foundation of Virginia National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women Center for Women Policy Studies National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund Virginia National Organization for Women Virginia Now Legal Defense and Education Fund, Incorporated Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund, Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae is a decision of the Fourth Circuit. Review the opinion text below for the holding.
FlawCheck shows no negative treatment for United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia L. Douglas Wilder, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, III Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, Members of the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association, and Gordon K. Davies, Director of the Virginia State Council of Higher Education the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers, Virginia Women Attorneys Association Virginia Chapter of the American Association of University Women Virginia Chapter of the Older Women's League Virginia Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated Friends of Vmi for Equality Alexander W. Astin American Civil Liberties Union Aclu Foundation of Virginia National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women Center for Women Policy Studies National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund Virginia National Organization for Women Virginia Now Legal Defense and Education Fund, Incorporated Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund, Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston A. Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A., Amici Curiae in the current circuit citation data.
This case was decided on September 19, 1996.
Use the citation No. 726610 and verify it against the official reporter before filing.